When towers are "busier" you will see lower rates.
Tower congestion: The more users on a tower, the fewer Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) are assigned to each user. If your signal is over about -95 dBm, more signal strength won't mean any faster data rates. Reference Signal Receive Power (RSRP): This is a measure of signal strength. When you're connected to one tower, the other towers are interference. 
Every tower for each carrier transmits on the same band.
Intra-cell interference: This is the main reason why signal quality/SINR can be low. LTE SINR ranges from -15 (very bad) to 30 (excellent). It's more important than signal strength in most cases! Improving your SINR is the best way to improve data rates. Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR): This is a measure of the quality of your signal. That means more bandwidth and can have a huge impact on your data rates. Carrier Aggregation (CA): If multiple frequency bands are available, and your device supports it, you will connect on multiple bands simultaneously. The LTE bands in use in the US today are: Bands: different carriers use different bands, which are licensed to them by the FCC. You can have 1 bar and awesome data rates and 5 bars and terrible data rates. Don't judge things based on bars, just run a speed test instead. They're a combination of signal strength (RSRP) and signal quality (SINR). 
Bars: Bars are a really crude measure of your signal.
Also, you may notice Waveform team members in this sub helping answer your questions - say hi to them! Basic, but critical info: I try to be as unbiased as possible here, I don't prefer a particular vendor or product unless there's a real technical reason to do so. You'll notice that I link to our website primarily below - we're a small company but we try to go out of our way to offer amazing support. We've been helping people boost their signal since 2007, so I've been doing this for almost 13 years, and our team has grown to 20+ people. Who wrote this: Hey! 👋🏼 I'm Sina, the CEO at ! (We used to be called RepeaterStore until November 2019). Also, if all you need is better voice calls, there's a section further down for you to read. I also wrote this guide to cell signal boosters, which is worth reading too. I wanted to write up some basics for folks who are looking to boost their signal.
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